Thee Eye

This is an introduction to become familiar with the anatomy of the eye. I intend to break the information into a forum. To become comfortable with using these terms as descriptive words to better fortify myself an explanation. This is a premeditation for the study of optometry. With information from [teachmeanatomy.info][Stephanie Britton; Anatomy Teacher][‘The Sage Age’ pg 159]. The plan is to keep journaling on the subject matter to innovatively construct my mind to adopt this topic as nature. I will be using previous journal entries and finesse of a vitae. I predict that later entries will have revisions. This will contain writing only, no images.

Introduction

Neural Layer

Vascular Layer

Fibrous Layer

Chambers

Iris

Extraocular Muscles

Receptor Cells

Occipital Lobe

Theory of Light

INTRODUCTION

The first thing I do everyday is open my eyes with my palpebra and extraocular muscles. At times I wake at the crack of dawn and everything is black and white. My cones haven’t any color to perceive so I use my rods as the macula, full of photoelectrons, makes out imagery.

With little light bouncing around objects, I'm straining my eye’s ciliary body that is contracting on my lens to see the color that shines early in the morning. Light begins refracting through my cornea. The sphincter fibers begin to dial in to concentrate the light rays.

At this time light must be moving fast for I see the light before I see the color of the world. The theory of light for scientific facts has an equation for its velocity. Rays of sun striking through my fovea centralis and through the cell layers of the eye.

Its spring and my eyes are either backed at the lacrimal sac because of the pollen or the light is causing my canthus to blink out tears. So much can happen with just a blink of an eye. So I shut my eyes and they didn't cling. My meibomian glands, under the eyelashes, produce an oil to prevent the eyelids from clinging together. Preventing dry eyes. It too the weather. Parts pre perceived as refractions chamber the chambers is gel like holds place of the palpebra conjunctive is the attach through optic theorized with the hydrogen and oxygen while Huygens works two annulars.

NEURAL LAYER

As one of the three layers of the eye that the optic nerve is connected to, this is most sensitive to light with photons. Imagery impulses that make it so we can see the visual. This layer of the eye has three layers of cells that light penetrates through to send photoelectrons to the optic nerve.

This part of the neural layer is receiving transferred energy that is nerve impulses. Where these nerve impulses go out the optic nerve to the brain which power houses the controls. Sensing the light are cones and rods. Cones are for colors of light.

The cells above the cones and rods and ganglion and bipolar. The most concentrated depression on the neural layer is the fovea centralis located on the macula.

VASCULAR LAYER

Made mostly of the choroid consisting of blood vessels. The major components of the vascular layer of the eye are the lens and its ligaments. This allows the vision to adjust to different distances. Is it clear about whether the effect of light had on it other than passing through as if like a magnifying glass? The vitreous rupture for a spasm or burst of flavonoid ulcer water filtrations creative science the illusion of a sleepy light halo.

Fibers attached to it that make up the ligaments that contract and retract on the lens. This generates controlling impulses from the parasympathetic nerve system. Another set of muscles to the organ that adjust the lens to near or far sighted. When the ciliary contracts the lens focuses at micro distances narrowing the lens.

Three sets of suspensory ligaments pick up slack and change the focus. The fibers that make up the ciliary body lay longetidual, circular and radial collectively called zonular fibers.

FIBROUS LAYER

The fibrous layer of the eye is the sclera and cornea covered by a conjunctive layer. This is the outermost parts of the eye. Sclera is the white part of the eye that is met with the optic nerve at the back of the eye, beyond its bony orbits. The very front of the eye that perceives as refractions of light is the cornea. Allowing light through to the lens and pupil. Objectively eliminate as much of the fibers as you can without an allergy or hallucination of hairline fractures due to a variant stress.

CHAMBERS

Beneath the cornea is a vacant space filled with a gel adding support. This one is known as the anterior chamber. This transparent gel is called aqueous humor. Causing light refractions.

The posterior chamber is located between the iris and the anterior periphery of the lens. Just behind the pupil is two small spaces called the posterior chamber. Supporting in front of the lens.

The vitreous chamber, the largest of the three chambers, is filled with a gel-like substance called vitreous humor. Crucial in the role for supporting the optic nerve against the retina. Also pressed up against the lens.

Behind the iris the ciliary muscle secretes anterior humour. This is a clear congealed liquid that refracts light and holds the place of the eye’s shape. This flows from the ciliary body through the pupil in front of the iris to the canal between the palpebra and the conjunctive layer movement of water euphorias.

IRIS

The iris is made to focus with contraction muscles. The iris is made up of pigment and fibers around the pupil. The pigment is called melanin. The more melanin there is, the darker the color will be.

The iris is protected behind the cornea by the anterior chamber. A thin annular layer controls the diameter of the pupil allowing how much light to reach the retina. The entire eye is covered by a conjunctive layer. No two irises are the same by color. This is our identity. Color theories and light therapy treatments.

Circular fibers are grouped from the sphincter pupillae and parasympathetic causing constriction. Dilation fibers consist of dilator pupillae and sympathetic. Creating the pupils aperture, the iris, a muscle made of circular fiber and radial fibers each consisting of smaller fibers collectively making the Iris the teller of adrenal cortex and maxing tensile strength abilities.

EXTRAOCULAR MUSCLES

Holding the eye in its orbit the extraocular muscles are also to control eye movements. Specifically recti and oblique muscles. Adduction is an inward motion toward the nose. Lateral is the opposite side from the nose. Medial is the inward pull to the nose. Depression is a downward motion. Attached to the sclera forms an optic canal. There are seven extraocular muscles.

Opening the superior palpebra is the levator palpebrae superioris. Below the skin of our eyelid is connected from the superior tarsal plate. The superior tarsal plate is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system. The nerves supplied to elevate and close the superior palpebra are from the oculomotor nerve. This is attached to the sphenoid bone.

There are four recti muscles that all attach from the tendinous ring around the sclera. One for each directional pull.

There are two obliques. As a tendon they pass through a trochlear, attached to the sclera, posterior to the superior rectus. Superior oblique depression, abducts and medially rotates the eyeball. Inferior oblique elevates, abducts and laterally rotates.

RECEPTOR CELLS

Innervate, meaning where the nerve signals transfer from to give the energy to perform. Where do the light receptors take the light after it has been transferred into nerve impulses to the optic nerve (optic disk)? There are six cranial nerves that innervate.

So I've mentioned the optic nerve, cranial nerve II, which is located at the back of the eye. The function is to transfer visual information from the retina via electrical impulses. The visual fields are divided from left to right on boths sides of the eye. Everything from the left visual of the eyes is crossed to the side of the optic chiasma through the optic tract. And the right visual field to the left side of the optic chiasma through the optic tract to what is called the six layers of a Thalamus. These nerves then have to travel through the temporal and parietal lobe to get to the occipital lobe.

Trochlear nerve, fourth cranial motor nerve, is responsible for one muscle movement. Through one of three orbital fissures the main nerve stem at the midbrain is responsible for one muscle movement that is superior oblique. This pulls the eye medial and down in a lateral direction.

Oculomotor nerve, cranial nerve III, enters the superior orbital fissure and innovates eye movements, the inferior rectus and inferior oblique, superior rectus and opening eyelid caused by the levator palpebrae superioris Along with the oculomotor nerve is the parasynthetic nerves that constrict the ciliary muscle and dilate the sphincter pupillae which lay radially in the iris.

The trigeminal nerve, cranial nerve V, has three branches, the ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular to the brain through one of three orbital fissures. These branches of nerves supply the superior palbera, forehead and vertex with skin cells.

The abducens nerve leaves the brainstem at the junction, medial to the facial nerve. It runs upwards and forwards from this position to reach the eye. It then enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure and innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye. The facial nerve is a branching nerve that travels from the brainstem to the face and controls movement involved in smiling, frowning, closing the eyes, and raising the eyebrows.

OCCIPITAL LOBE

The occipital lobe is the visual processing area of the brain. It is associated with visuospatial processing, distance and depth perception, color determination, object and face recognition, and memory formation. The occipital lobe is solely responsible for observing and processing images seen by the eyes. The midbrain has descending capabilities.

THEORY OF LIGHT

Several thinkers on the theory of light. Talks of two, in particular, Newton, who has theorized with the concept of light receptors in the eye. While Huygens, worked two theories of wavelengths and particles of matter having velocity. Theorizing that light has mass and travels so far varied with color of light. The theory of speed of light came into play when Einstein, a well known mathematician, developed formulas and equations for scientific fact. This was placed with a demonstration of refraction, broken light, broken image, traveled at a slower rate as ripples of a distrubed puddle. Maxwell used the natural rainbow as part of his example of explanation.

The physics of light and glass was derived from 900 B.C. when the Egyptians discovered they could use light reflections to light their pyramids instead of torches in their chambers. Arabians discovered that the light of images passed the plain of 180 degrees to a focal point with convergence or divergence glass curvatures. Clinically this would translate to convex or concave prescription eye lenses. Astrologers made discoveries on the prisms by watching eclipses and moon patterns.