History
The History of the American Civil War
Causes of the Civil War The Civil War’s origins can be traced to tensions between the Northern and Southern states, which had developed over decades. The primary issue was slavery, particularly its expansion into newly acquired territories. The Northern states, driven by an industrial economy, largely opposed slavery, while the agrarian South depended on enslaved labor for its economy.
By Gustavo Woltmannabout 9 hours ago in Chapters
The History of Coca-Cola
Coca-Cola, one of the most recognized and consumed beverages in the world, has a rich and fascinating history that dates back to the late 19th century. From its humble beginnings as a medicinal tonic to its current status as a global brand, Coca-Cola’s journey is a testament to innovation, marketing prowess, and adaptability.
By Gustavo Woltmannabout 9 hours ago in Chapters
STORY OF GREAT EXPLORER
Today, we will embark on the story of a man who managed to breach the icy cover of the Northwest Passage, located in the Arctic Ocean, and even before this incredible accomplishment, join the first team to reach the South Pole on December 14, 1911. He is the only man to have reached both poles.
By Ibrahim Shah about 16 hours ago in Chapters
Phone hacking and London attack: Saudi government ordered to pay £3 million to YouTuber who mocked Mohammed bin Salman
Ghanem Al-Masarir, a YouTuber with millions of followers, seemed to have everything in life and was fully enjoying his fame. Living in a flat in Wembley, London, the comedian is well known for creating satirical videos and reels. He is also considered one of the prominent critics of Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. Because of his work, he has many admirers, but due to his strong criticism of the Saudi government, many people also dislike him. One day Al-Masarir felt that his mobile phone was behaving strangely. The phone had become very slow and its battery was draining unusually fast. He then noticed that certain people kept appearing in different parts of London wherever he went. These individuals—apparently supporters of the Saudi government—began blocking his way, harassing him, and some even started filming him. What puzzled Al-Masarir most was how these people knew his exact location. He suspected that his phone was being used to spy on him. Cyber experts later confirmed that he was among the victims targeted through the notorious Pegasus hacking tool. Al-Masarir said, “It was something I couldn’t understand. They can see your location. They can turn on your camera. They can activate the microphone and listen to you. They got hold of your data—your photos, everything. You feel deeply wronged.” On Monday, after a six-year legal battle, the London High Court ruled that Saudi Arabia was responsible for what happened to Al-Masarir and ordered the Saudi government to pay him more than £3 million in compensation. In 2018, the Saudi-born YouTuber’s iPhones were hacked after he clicked on links contained in three suspicious messages. These messages appeared to be special membership offers from well-known news organizations. Following the hacking, Al-Masarir was continuously harassed, followed, and in August he was even physically attacked in central London. The court was told that two strangers approached him, shouted at him, and asked who he was to speak about the Saudi royal family. They then punched him in the face and continued beating him for some time. The attackers backed off only after passers-by intervened, but while leaving they called him a “slave of Qatar” and threatened, “We will teach you a lesson.” The High Court judge described the incident as a planned attack. In his written judgment, Justice Saini stated that there were reasonable grounds to believe the assault and hacking were carried out at the behest of Saudi Arabia or its agents. The judge added that Saudi Arabia had a clear interest in suppressing public criticism of its government. Even after the assault, the harassment continued. In 2019, at a café in Kensington, London, a child approached Al-Masarir and began singing a song praising Saudi King Salman. The incident was recorded and posted on social media, quickly trending with a hashtag and even broadcast on Saudi state television. On the same day, outside a restaurant in west London, a man told him, “Your days are numbered,” and walked away. Al-Masarir was born in Saudi Arabia but has lived in Britain for the past twenty years. He originally came to Portsmouth for education and is now a British citizen living in Wembley. However, visiting central London remains a frightening experience for him. The 45-year-old became famous across the Arab world for his satirical YouTube videos in which he criticized Saudi rulers—especially Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. His videos often went viral and have been viewed more than 345 million times. His most-watched video, with 16 million views, criticized authorities for their anger over a viral clip of girls dancing in Saudi Arabia. Strangely, the audio of that video later disappeared from YouTube, and he still does not know how or when it was edited. Since the hacking and the London attack, Al-Masarir has lost confidence. He became depressed and fearful. Once known for his cheerful and bold personality, he agreed to speak to the BBC but remained cautious and avoided showing his face fully. He has not uploaded any video for the past three years. He says that despite winning the legal battle, the Saudi government has succeeded in silencing him. “The damage done to me cannot be repaired,” he said. “The hacking truly changed me. I am no longer the same Al-Masarir.” Experts from the University of Toronto’s Citizen Lab confirmed that he had been hacked using Pegasus spyware. An analyst was sent to London, concluding that the operation was likely organized by Saudi Arabia. Pegasus is a powerful and controversial hacking tool developed by the Israeli company NSO Group, which claims it sells the software only to governments to track terrorists and criminals. However, Citizen Lab has found it on the phones of politicians, journalists, and dissidents—including Al-Masarir. When he first filed a lawsuit against Saudi Arabia, the state argued that it was protected under the State Immunity Act 1978. But in 2022 the court ruled that Saudi Arabia did not have immunity in this case. Since then, the Saudi government has not participated in any proceedings. The High Court judge wrote that Saudi Arabia had failed to present a defense or respond to the claim and had violated several court orders, indicating it did not intend to engage in the case. The court ordered the Saudi government to pay Al-Masarir more than £3 million in damages, though it remains unclear whether Saudi Arabia will comply. Al-Masarir says he is determined to enforce the judgment and, if necessary, will approach international courts. However, he believes no amount of money can compensate for the harm caused to his life. With a sorrowful voice he said, “What hurts most is that they did all this in Britain and still escaped punishment.”
By Hashim Khan 3 days ago in Chapters
Elizabeth Báthory- Hungary’s serial killer
Elizabeth Báthory (born August 7, 1560, Nyírbátor, Hungary—died August 21, 1614, Castle Čachtice, Čachtice, Hungary [now in Slovakia]) was a Hungarian countess who purportedly tortured and murdered hundreds of young women in the 16th and 17th centuries.
By Michelle Lee7 days ago in Chapters
20 Quotes
Throughout history, great minds have shared words of wisdom that continue to inspire and guide us. From leaders and scientists to writers and artists, these figures have left an enduring impact through their words. Here are 20 powerful quotes from some of the most well-known people in history.
By Gus Woltmann7 days ago in Chapters
Corruption, Power, and Global Security Concerns
China’s Military Under Scrutiny: Corruption, Power, and Global Security Concerns China’s military, known as the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), is facing increased attention after reports of investigations into senior officials. According to international media, including reports discussed by security analysts, China has placed high-ranking military figures under investigation as part of its long-running anti-corruption campaign. While China describes these actions as internal discipline, the developments have raised questions about stability, command control, and global security.
By Wings of Time 11 days ago in Chapters











